The one that most people have heard of is the anatomy lab. That’s where a group of medical students will have a single, embalmed cadaver for the entire year. That particular cadaver will be the way they learn about the inside of the human body.
The lab I worked for (like the one Fovea’s parents have) was a surgical lab. Students would come in to practice surgeries so they were prepared when it was time to do surgery on a live person.